ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the spatial relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid ducts in different types of parotid neoplasms with 3D improved motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium pulse (3D-iMSDE) MR neurography, and to guide the operation plan. Methods By means of prospective research methods, the sequences of 3D-iMSDE and 3D-T2-fast field echo (3D-T2-FFE) were obtained in 30 healthy volunteers and 40 patients with parotid gland tumors, respectively. All patients with parotid mass were found by physical examination, by maxillofacial surgeons or by ultrasonography or other imaging examinations. Facial nerve trunk with its first branches and parotid ducts were evaluated independently on images of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequence for volunteers. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) of both facial nerve and parotid ducts were compared respectively in two sequences The relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid ducts with the lesion were analyzed on images of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequences for 40 patients. The results were compared with intra-operative anatomy and post-operative pathological findings.Wilcoxon symbolic rank test, t test and chi-square test were used Results The image scores of intra-parotid facial nerve and parotid ducts in iMSDE sequence were higher than that of T2-FFE sequence in all 30 healthy volunteers. The difference was statistically significant (Z=-6.197,P<0.05). Both the facial nerve and parotid duct on images of iMSDE sequence had higher SIR than that of T2-FFE. The differences were statistically significant (t=10.772,11.586, respectively;P<0.05). Forty patients with parotid gland tumors had a total of 41 lesions. Compared with the intraoperative anatomy, the accuracy of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequences in showing the relationship between the facial nerve and its primary branches with the mass were 36/41 (87.8%), and 22/41 (53.7%) respectively, and the accuracy of the two sequences in showing the relationship between the dominant duct of the parotid gland and the mass were 38/41 (92.7%) and 30/41 (73.2%), respectively.The accuracy rate in showing the relationship between facial nerve and its primary branch and the mass on images of iMSDE sequence were higher than that of T2-FFE sequence, and also in showing the relationship of parotid duct and the mass. The statistical differences were significant (χ2=9.725, 5.513;P<0.05,respectively). In the iMSDE sequence, the relationship between the facial nerve and its first branches (temporofacial and cervicofacial division) with the tumor was correctly demonstrated in 36 cases. 38 cases of parotid ducts were satisfactorily displayed on image of iMSDE sequence. Conclusions The 3D-iMSDE MRN sequence can correctly show the relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid duct and the parotid gland neoplasms.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the spatial relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid ducts in different types of parotid neoplasms with 3D improved motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium pulse (3D-iMSDE) MR neurography, and to guide the operation plan.@*Methods@#By means of prospective research methods, the sequences of 3D-iMSDE and 3D-T2-fast field echo (3D-T2-FFE) were obtained in 30 healthy volunteers and 40 patients with parotid gland tumors, respectively. All patients with parotid mass were found by physical examination, by maxillofacial surgeons or by ultrasonography or other imaging examinations. Facial nerve trunk with its first branches and parotid ducts were evaluated independently on images of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequence for volunteers. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) of both facial nerve and parotid ducts were compared respectively in two sequences The relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid ducts with the lesion were analyzed on images of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequences for 40 patients. The results were compared with intra-operative anatomy and post-operative pathological findings.Wilcoxon symbolic rank test, t test and chi-square test were used@*Results@#The image scores of intra-parotid facial nerve and parotid ducts in iMSDE sequence were higher than that of T2-FFE sequence in all 30 healthy volunteers. The difference was statistically significant (Z=-6.197,P<0.05). Both the facial nerve and parotid duct on images of iMSDE sequence had higher SIR than that of T2-FFE. The differences were statistically significant (t=10.772,11.586, respectively;P<0.05). Forty patients with parotid gland tumors had a total of 41 lesions. Compared with the intraoperative anatomy, the accuracy of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequences in showing the relationship between the facial nerve and its primary branches with the mass were 36/41 (87.8%), and 22/41 (53.7%) respectively, and the accuracy of the two sequences in showing the relationship between the dominant duct of the parotid gland and the mass were 38/41 (92.7%) and 30/41 (73.2%), respectively.The accuracy rate in showing the relationship between facial nerve and its primary branch and the mass on images of iMSDE sequence were higher than that of T2-FFE sequence, and also in showing the relationship of parotid duct and the mass. The statistical differences were significant (χ2=9.725, 5.513;P<0.05,respectively). In the iMSDE sequence, the relationship between the facial nerve and its first branches (temporofacial and cervicofacial division) with the tumor was correctly demonstrated in 36 cases. 38 cases of parotid ducts were satisfactorily displayed on image of iMSDE sequence.@*Conclusions@#The 3D-iMSDE MRN sequence can correctly show the relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid duct and the parotid gland neoplasms.
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Objective To understand the coverage of iodized salt and the iodine nutritional status of schoolchildren in Hongkou District of Shanghai City and to provide a basis for adjusting corresponding intervention measures.Methods From 2012 to 2016,according to the "Shanghai Iodine Deficiency Disease Surveillance Program",a street was chosen from five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in Hongkou District.According to the annual monitoring plan,a certain amount of residents or schoolchildren aged 8-10 were chosen for monitoring,collecting salt samples from residents or children's home to detect salt iodine,and collecting urine samples of children to detect urinary iodine level (which was not tested in 2013).Determination of iodine salt was based on "Determination of Iodine by the General Test Method for the Salt Industry" (GB/T 13025.7-2012),urinary iodine determination was based on "Arsenic and Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometric Determination of Iodine in Urine" (WS/T 107-2006).Results From 2012 to 2016,a total of 1 550 edible salt samples were tested,including 847 qualified iodized salts,299 unqualified iodized salts and 404 non-iodized salts,the coverage of iodized salt was 73.9％,and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 54.6％.A total of 591 urine samples were tested in 2012,2014-2016.The median of urinary iodine was 177.2 μg/L;of which ＜ 100 μg/L was 103,accounting for 17.4％;100-199 μg/L was 248,accounting for 42.0％;and ≥300 μg/L was 91,accounting for 15.4％.Conclusions The residents in Hongkou District of Shanghai City do not meet the target of iodized salt coverage and consumption rates of qualified iodized salt.The average urinary iodine level of schoolchildren aged 8-10 years has reached the national standard for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders;we should further improve the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt.
ABSTRACT
Ryanodine receptor is a Ca2+ release channel in cadiocyte.It is reported recently to the obvious change of its function and quantity in such pathological process as the myocardial ischemia and cardiac hypertrophy.These changes will affect the ability of cadiocytes processing intracellular calcium or lead to the calcium overload in the myocardial cells and then induces fatal ventricular arrhythmia,even sudden cardiac death.